History of the Arabs: From the Earliest Time to the Present

Abbasid according Africa al-'Iraq ancient Arabian Arabic army authority Baghdad became become Byzantine Cairo caliph called capital carried centre century chief Christian conquest considered Consult Cordova court Crusaders culture Damascus death developed dynasty early East Egypt Egyptian empire established Europe evidently flourished followed four greatest Greek hands head held hundred ibn-al-Athir ibn-Khallikān important influence inscriptions introduced Islam Italy king kingdom known Koran land language later Latin lived Makkah means military Moslem mosque Muḥammad native North origin Paris period Persian philosopher poet political present Prophet received referred reign religion religious remained represented Roman rule sent slave South Spain successor sultan Syria Tabari term tion took towns tradition translated tribe Umar Umayyad West Western