Carpenter and Joiner. - Construct roofs and supports as follows: (2). Implement, Fat Cattle, Cows, and Calves' Sheds. Ridge-and-valley piece 14-inch thick, and of sufficient depth to receive rafters. The whole of the foregoing Memel timbers to be from the saw, as also the larch. The elm posts to be dressed with the axe only. The whole of the roofs to be firmly framed together with the necessary straps, bolts, or other iron work. All timbers not straight, or partially round, to exceed the dimensions given. No rafter to exceed one foot apart. All the slated roofs to be battened with 21-in. by-in. battens, and to have diagonal or 1-in. by 5-in. tilting fillet at the eaves. All valleys to have-in. boarding upon proper bearers. Inch poplar stairs in barn and cider-house. Wood bricks to be built into the walls where required. Strong oak lintels 18 in. wider than their respective openings over all wall openings. Doors. All the doors to be ledged, formed of Norway battens slit into half their thickness, with door-frames of Christiana deal 4 in. by 3 in.: 3 in. of the first-mentioned dimension to appear within the opening, at 6 in. from the external surface of the wall. The barn door facing the stackyard to be double running, on iron rod, with friction roller, as shown in details. The entrance gates to be sawn and framed (and to fall against elm stops fixed in the ground), and hung with hooks and bands, and to have suitable fastenings. Common oak field-gates to the entrances to the different yards hung to one foot square oak-post. The pigsties to have a wicket ledged and braced door, hung with hooks and bands. Windows. The windows of the barn and cider-house to be of Christiana deal 3 ft. by 3 ft. of the description shown on drawings. The upper part to be glazed, the lower to have ledged shutters-in. thick, the same to close into a rebate 14 in. deep, and shut with the ledges of the shutters flush with the inside surfaces of the frame, transom, and mullion. The granary windows to be of Christiana deal 3 ft. by 3 ft., as shown on plan, filled with lattice work; the lattice frame of the shutter to be 2 in. square, and the lattices -in. thick, 2 in. apart, and slanting half-square downwards; the shutters so constructed and hung, that closing into a rebate 2 in. deep, they will shut flush with the inside surface of the window and mullion. The windows of the stable to be circular, 20 in. diameter, set in a stone case 27 in. square and 6 in. thick, with a groove in its thickness to admit the frame, on which the window swings, on pivots, at the extremities of its horizontal diameter, and within which it is to close when shut. The face of the stone case to project about 1 in. beyond the external surface of the wall. All other windows shown upon plans to have cast-iron square lights 4 in. by 3 in., glazed with crown glass, with stays and fastenings complete. Floors. The floors of the barn, granary, corn-loft, and apple-loft to be formed with Memel joist 10 in. by 2 in., and 14-in. poplar boarding. One row of herring-bone to each floor. The granary and corn-loft floor to be properly ploughed and tongued with sheet-iron girting in. wide. Fittings. The openings between the story-posts in the cattle-boxes to be filled up with 1-in. deal battens 3 in. wide and set 3 in. apart. A frame of 1-in. deal-battens, 3 in. wide and set 3 in. apart, to slide behind so as either entirely to close the opening or regulate the width of the same. The division of the cattle-boxes to consist of 34-in. rough quartering, nailed to tie-beam and boarded across with 1-in. elm-slabs. Semicircular cast-iron water-troughs, 1 ft. 9 in. radius, to be fixed in each pair of cow and cattle boxes. The cribs in the cattle-boxes to be of oak, 2 ft. at bottom, 3 ft. at top. A channel to run the length of the cattle-boxes, with a cast-iron grating opposite every 2 stalls for the urine to pass into a 3-in. earthenware socket-pipe to the liquid-manure tank. The partitions of the stable to be of Norway battens, slit into half their thickness, clamped together by stuff of the same thickness at the top, the middle and the bottom fastened by a wooden-pin through each upright batten, and held at the lower end of the stall by a hollow cast-iron pillar 5 ft. high and 6 in. external diameter, set with a square flange into a plugged block of stone, the pillar being furnished with flanges to form grooves to receive the ends of the cross-battens or rails. A channel to run the length of the stable, furnished with a cast-iron grate to each stall, through which the urine may pass into a covered drain below, and be conveyed from the building by means of a 3-in earthenware socket-pipe to the liquid-manure tank. The mangers and rack to be of iron, a 14-in. cast-iron rod forming the top part of the manger, which is in the midwidth of the stall and extending from the front of the manger to each side of the stall, curving a little outwards at the ends. At the upper part of the rod, extending beyond the manger, is a flange to which -inch malleable iron-rods are to be rivetted, and also to a piece of flat iron against the wall. This forms a rack at each side of the manger, the top of the whole being 3 ft., and the bottom of the rack about 1 ft. above the floor of the stable, the whole secured by means of screw-bolts passing through the wall at a distance from each other of the length of the manger, in front of which are rings to fasten up the horses. Ventilators to be fixed as shown in roof of stable. Slater. The roof to be covered with Duchess slates, on battens 2-in. by -in., cut out of Russian deal laid one-third open. Freestone crease, every alternate crease-tile, to be lifted by strips 2 in. thick, and the width of the rafter, to be laid on top of rafter a foot down from the wall of the lean-to sheds to form space for ventilation. Plumber, Painter, and Glazier.-A cast-iron barrel-pump to be fixed in communication with the tank. The water to be laid on to the slate-cisterns provided in all the yards and cow-boxes with 1-inch galvanized wrought-iron lap-welded tubing, regulated in the cisterns by-in. ball-cocks. All the valleys to be laid with 5-lb. milled-lead, and all necessary floshing to be done of the same material; all external woodwork from the saw to receive a coat of coal-tar; the remainder three coats good oil colour; best seconds Newcastle crown-glass, well puttied to top of barn and other windows as required. A copper-boiler, 3 ft. diameter, in steaming-house. A 2 ft. 10 in. register-grate in office. 4-inch half-round cast-iron shutes to all eaves, with proper stacks communicating with the drains. General Conditions. The contractor is to perform the whole of the works in the very best manner, with the very best and most approved materials and labour of their respective kinds, under the direction of, and to the entire satisfaction of, the architects; to provide, fix, and execute all works which are specifically represented, or implied in or by this specification, or in or by the drawings thereby referred to or either of them, or which may be requisite for rendering every part of the buildings, works, and appurtenances complete, and to make good all damage caused by the execution thereof, without any charge of any kind thence arising or becoming due, except the amount of the consideration of the contract; and the architects are to have power to order any alterations in the form of the structure or of the finishing thereof, without vitiating the contract, and the difference of expense (if any) caused by any such alteration so directed shall be ascertained after the rate of the schedule of prices hereto attached; and if such schedule be found in any manner deficient, then the aforesaid architects are to calculate and determine such additional prices as may be requisite, the same being after the same rate of cost and profit as those contained in the said schedule. The contractor to state separately in his estimate the expense of different parts of the buildings, especially that of cattle-sheds, at per foot run, and that of the barns and other enclosed buildings at per cubic contents. The cost of the south range of buildings to be separately given. The contractor will state the diminution in the amount of his estimate supposing the water-supply to be entirely omitted. J. Y. STURGE. X.-Barnstaple Exhibition-Arts and Manufactures Department. Agriculture and manufactures are intimately connected and mutually dependent on each other. The progress of population attending on the growth of manufactures calls for increased supplies of food; and the energy necessary to produce this food at a cheap rate requires every aid of mechanical and chemical science. But further, the wealth and the intelligence attendant on agricultural and manufacturing progress create a demand for the refinements of life, and by consequence lead to the cultivation of the Fine Arts. There are also peculiar facts in England tending to a free interchange of objects of interest among Englishmen. Ethnologists have told us that Englishmen are the offspring of many nations, and to this mixture of blood we owe our indomitable energy and untiring industry. Geologists also tell us that, with one comparatively insignificant exception, England enumerates amongst her strata all that are known; and to this variety of rock and soil she owes her character of being essentially both an agricultural and a manufacturing country. Nothing is one-sided in England. Her rich valleys and her broad uplands are as much significant of her wealth and power as her clays, her ores, or her coal-measures; and he who considers her greatness as belonging to only one of these peculiarities sees only half her power. Class prejudice in this country has rarely made itself felt amongst us for any length of time. Now and then, when a passing political cloud has darkened the social horizon, we may have heard mutterings of the thunder; but it has soon passed away, and left us more convinced than before that England's real welfare is in unity, and that the only motto significant of her true interests is "One and all." In the West of England doubtless we are more intimately connected, in the first place, with agriculture; and the Society may be said to have judiciously applied its first efforts in assisting to develop this branch of our resources. But now that the Society's labours for the improvement of agriculture have reached so high a point, it is well that other interests, in which we are all more or less concerned, should be attended to. We all have need of a great variety of articles of domestic use, and we desire to have of these the best; hence we require to be taught how to buy. How to select is not always an easy matter, especially where ornament is concerned. Moreover, if we have to keep pace in in this part of England with the rest of our countrymen in arts and manufactures, exhibitions are demanded. It is well known that during the last ten years, in various parts of England, exhibitions of objects more or less connected with taste have been called for by the necessities of the age. Nay, of such importance has the subject been considered, that Government has found it desirable to form a museum of industrial art, a part of which is constantly moved from place to place throughout the country. This collection, at the solicitation of the President of the Society, has been permitted by the Government authorities to be exhibited at Barnstaple. Since the year 1851 the importance of exhibitions has been generally acknowledged, and most of the large towns in populous districts have had them at various intervals. Unfortunately such collections cannot be formed without funds, and towns of a moderate size cannot always raise the necessary money to meet the expenses they entail. Hence in a district like our own, thinly populated, with its larger towns widely separated, it is only by means of a society like this, extending over a wide area, but gathering together annually large numbers of all classes, that such an experiment could be fairly carried out with a reasonable chance of usefulness to the visitors, and without loss to its promoters. are There is another point of view in which the question may be looked at. The district over which the Society extends is not solely agricultural. Manufactures of very ancient date studded along its rivers; the tall towers of its mines are seen rearing their lofty heads on many a hill, and the rich quarries of its marbles, granites, serpentines, &c., furnish ornamental stone-work to every part of the kingdom. There are also some clay-works in the West of yearly and increasing interest and importance. So that, as a manufacturing district, the West of England is not to be despised; and a great mart, like the one proposed, where specimens of the raw material and of the manufactured goods of the district could be exhibited to large congregations of the people from all parts, must open out many sources of sale not hitherto thought of. To the manufacturers themselves it will afford a valuable lesson, by enabling them to compare their works with those of others, and see wherein they can teach or learn: to both of which exercises of their mental faculties they will no doubt often find themselves called. In all the recent movements for extending education amongst the people, one thing has been strongly felt, viz., that their education should be practical-that they should indeed be made acquainted with the various "common things" by which they are surrounded. And a collection of this kind is a museum of such things, in which care is taken to provide the best specimens of each, so that both knowledge and taste may be improved. In the letter addressed by Mr. Acland to the Journal of the Society of Arts, he says, "The object of the extended exhibition is to engraft on the rapid improvement in agricultural produce and machinery a corresponding improvement in taste, and thereby to extend the local demand for works of art and manufacture, whether useful or ornamental, of the highest quality and the best design." This paragraph implies a truth which is now an acknowledged principle with all who have paid attention to |