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WHATELY, D.D. late Archbishop of Dublin. Ninth Edition. 8vo. 10s. 6d. crown 8vo. 4s. 6d. Elements of Rhetoric. By the same Author. Seventh Edition. 8vo. 10s. 6d. crown 8vo. 4s. 6d. English Synonymes. Edited by Archbishop WHATELY. 5th Edition. Fcp. 8vo. 3s. MISCELLANEOUS REMAINS from the Common-place Book of the late Archbishop WHATELY. Edited by Miss E. J. WHATELY. Post 8vo. 68. I will first take the case of the cheese-farm, 200 acres, upon which the stock is 50 milk-cows, 50 ewes (which, with lambs, are fed off fat), 5 horses, 30 pigs, reared up and fattened, and 12 to 15 young horned cattle, consisting of calves, yearlings, and two-year olds. The farm is self-supplying as regards all food for stock, having sufficient land under plough, viz. 45 acres in 15-acre shifts-lea-oats, turnips, and wheat-to grow the oats, turnips, and straw required, in addition to the old meadow hay. The value of the produce of this farm is considerably over the average, on account of the superior quality of the cheese made, which has sold at prices varying from 75s. to 85s. per cwt., the quantity made being also large. The financial results of this farm have been as follows:-— 9 tons 7 cwt. 2 qrs. of cheese, at 80s. per cwt. 70 lambs, at 27s. 6d. Tithes, at 3s. per acre; rates, at 2s. 6d. on assessment Wages-5 men, at 407. . 2 lads, at 201.. 200 £ s. d. 400 0 58 15 95 0 0 125 0 0 Extra men Tradesmen's bills, 527. 10s.; Grass-seeds, 227. 10s.; other seeds, 207. Paid on improvement accounts, including draining, 407.; boning, 607.; and repairs, 25l. . Contingent expenses Profit 50 0 0 1024 15 189 0 0 For the object of comparing the relative profits of cheese or butter making with those derived from milk-selling, I fortunately am enabled to select a farm-the one last described—on which both methods have been practised by the same tenant, who is an excellent farmer. It was managed as a cheese farm up to four years ago with the results stated above since that time, in consequence of the advantage of a railway station within one mile of the farm, and twelve miles from the market town, the tenant has sold his milk, delivered at the station, at 1s. 10d. per dozen quarts, keeping the management of the farm in other respects precisely as before, the stock and expenses remaining also the same, except that the number of pigs fattened is reduced. The result, under the system of milk-selling, is as follows: Produce. *Milk of 50 cows, at 1s. 10d. per dozen quarts 70 lambs, at 27s. 6d. Profit on 50 ewes and wool, at 15s. 15 acres of wheat, at 127. Profit on 10 pigs, at 51. £ s. d. 1,065 0 0 96 5 0 37 10 0 180 0 0 50 0 0 1,428 15 0 Expenses. As per statement in cheese-making account. milk at certain seasons £ s. d. 1,024 15 0 On the grazing farm referred to, the stock is 60 cows, 100 ewes (whose lambs are fed off fat), 4 horses. * The value of the live stock may be stated at 1,000l., interest on which and insurance against casualties ought to be deducted from the profit above stated. Tradesmen's bills, 327. 10s.; Grass-seeds, 227. 10s.; Paid on account of improvements, including drain- Contingent expenses Profit s. d. 400 0 0 58 15 0 £160 20 13 20 The three systems will therefore stand as follows : This gives a gross yield of about 67. per acre by cheese and butter making, 57. 16s. by grazing, and 77. 5s. by milk-selling. The farm at Ghent, to which I referred pp. 177, 178, gave a return of 117. 10s. per acre. The expenditure for labour on the English farm varies from 17. 1s. 4d. to 17. 9s. 10d. per acre; that at Ghent was 5l. 8s. 2d. per acre. |