Condition and Prospects of Ireland and the Evils Arising from the Present ... - Jonathan Pim - Google Livres

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Note respecting Castletown Relief Association, and the arrange-

ments adopted in Werburgh's parish, Dublin

Statement of extent and cost of distribution in each province

State of the country on termination of the Temporary Relief Act 106

Plentiful harvest

Fever more fatal among the upper than among the lower classes

Great want of clothing

Domestic manufactures in Connaught, &c.

Partial demand for labourers by railways and drainage operations

Circumstances which limit the ordinary demand for labourers

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Many pretend poverty who are able to support themselves

Difficulty of ascertaining the truth in such cases

Prospects of the future

Potatoes served as capital, and as a circulating medium for the

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How has this disproportion been affected by the present calamity?

Labourers looking for employment more numerous than heretofore

Ordinary sources of employment diminished

Extraordinary sources of employment, such as railways, drainage,

and improvements

Calculation of the number that may be supported by these means

Present scale of expenditure in wages compared with expenditure

for public works last year

Fearful number of unemployed labourers

How are they to be supported during this winter?

How are they to obtain subsistence afterwards?

Is the number of labourers to be diminished, or are the means of

employing them to be increased?

Capital must be supplied from other sources; or the people must

emigrate; or they must fall back on the poor rate for support

Are our peasantry to revert to their former habits of life?

This is the time for improvement

Difficulties great, but not insurmountable

Conditions essential to prosperity

Various plans have been proposed for the improvement of Ireland

Great deficiency of education in many parts of Ireland

The elements of education valuable, but insufficient without

moral and industrial draining

Agricultural schools

Industrial instruction in other branches

Defective education of children in work-houses

Teaching them to read and write insufficient

If not educated for good, they will be educated for evil

Importance of keeping them constantly employed

Note in illustration of these remarks

Education of the upper and middle classes in Ireland inferior to

that of the corresponding ranks in Great Britain

Introduction of English capital has been relied on by many as a

Large importation of the public funds from England to Ireland

proves the difficulty of making a profitable investment, rather

than any want of capital

If profitable occupation offered, accompanied by security, capital

would flow into the country

Absenteeism of the landed proprietors often complained of

Evils of non-residence peculiarly felt during the past year

How to secure the residence of proprietors a difficult matter

Compulsory laws are out of the question

It must be made the interest of landlords to reside

If land could be freely sold, they would probably dispose of their

estates to others, who could give their personal attention to

Decay of manufactures in Ireland

The growth of the factory system a main cause

Few persons of property in the South of Ireland have been willing

to undertake a business involving so much labour, and requir-

ing the investment of so much capital

High price of coals of minor importance

Manufacture of flax more slowly adapted itself to the factory

system than that of either wool or cotton

Number of persons employed in flax mills

Combinations of workmen have had more effect in Ireland than

Difference between wages of skilled and unskilled labour

Limiting the number of apprentices a principal means of main-

An increase of manufactures would be very valuable to Ireland

The removal of restrictions, if such exist, is all that can be looked

for from the Government

Want of a sufficient home-demand has an injurious influence

The linen manufacture and the cultivation of flax of the greatest

Soil and climate favourable to the growth of flax

Flax may be made more valuable to Ireland than cotton is to

Great extent of imports of flax, flax-seed, and oil-cake

Increased cultivation of flax and exports of linen would compen-

sate for the present deficient export of agricultural products

Fisheries not sufficiently attended to in Ireland

Experimental curing-stations established by Government.

Want of a better home-market in the West of Ireland

Deficiency of harbours for fishermen on the Western coast

Great extent of emigration

Emigrants mostly consist of the young and enterprising who

possess some capital

Less advantageous to Ireland than to the emigrants themselves

Money sent back by emigrants to enable their friends to follow

Note on emigration

Emigration to Great Britain

Number of Irish residing in Great Britain in 1841

This emigration must continue, until the difference between the

condition of the working classes in the two countries cease to

Landlords sometimes assist their tenants to emigrate

Emigration must be on a very large scale, in order to relieve the

Difficulties of carrying such emigration into effect

Estimate of the expense necessary

Would not the same sum, if expended on improvements in Ire-

land, afford the means of employing those who might be assisted

Government assistance would interfere with private emigration

Cultivation of waste lands has been proposed

Important results to be expected from this

Can it be best effected by government interference, or by pri-

vate enterprise?

Much waste land has been reclaimed by cottiers, by means of

the cultivation of potatoes

Doubtful whether this plan be practicable with any other crop

Reclamation of waste lands on a large scale by government con-

Private enterprise sufficient if sale of land were free

Note-Extract from speech of Sir Robert Peel in illustration

Importance of improving the lands already under culture

M'Culloch's opinion on this subject

Subdivision of land into small farms has been objected to

Consolidation has been proposed as a remedy

Unless great caution be used in any attempt to consolidate, great

Necessity of capital for farming purposes but little understood in

Compulsory extension of Ulster system of tenant-right to the rest

of Ireland has been proposed

Advantages resulting from the custom of tenant-right in Ulster

A custom can only be established by time

If extended by Lynch-law, the results would be ruinous

Definition of tenant-right

Tenants have an equitable claim to the value of the improvements

made by themselves

Difficulties of giving them a legal right to compensation

Extract from "Digest of Evidence on the Occupation of Land in

Ireland," as to the necessity of security for the tenant's im-

How can this security be given ?

Abortive legislation on this subject

Customs of tenancy in England

Improvements should be effected by the proprietor

Agrarian outrages

Have existed for nearly one hundred years

Popular sympathy with the offenders

Coercion unavailing while the exciting causes exist

These outrages confined to particular districts

Note-Extract from speech of Sir Robert Peel in illustration

Extract from "Digest of Evidence on Occupation of Land" re-

specting the causes of agrarian outrage

Want of capital in connection with land the main cause

Is there any means of supplying the defect, except by the free sale

A government based on popular institutions fails to secure order

unless it have the support of the people

The great mass of the Irish people have no respect for the laws

relating to the tenure of land

The number of those desirous of supporting the laws can be best

increased by the free sale of landed property

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