SECT. IX. Jesus is betrayed by Judas to the Officers of the Chief Priests and Rulers.* 47 AND while he 43 LUKE XXΙΙ. 47 AND straightwas yet speaking, be. way, while he was was yet speaking, hold, Judas, one of yet speaking, cometh behold a multitude, the twelve, came, and Judas, being one of and he that was callwith him agreat mul- the twelve, aud with ed Judas, one of the titude with swords him a great multi- twelve, came forand clubs, from the tude with swords wards before them, Chief Priests and and clubs, from the and drew near unto Elders of the People. Chief Priests and the Jesus to kiss him. Scribes and the El48 Now he that ders, 44 Now he that delivered him up delivered him up had gave them a sign, given them a token, saying, "Whomso- saying, "Whomsoever I shall kiss, that ever I shall kiss, that is he take ye him." is he: take ye him, and lead him away safely." 45 And when he came, he came 49 And straightway he straightway to him, came to Jesus, and and saith, "Rabbi, said, "Hail, Rabbi!" Rabbi!" and kissed and kissed him. 50 And him. Jesus said unto him, "Friend, wherefore art thou come?" JOHN XVIII. AND while he 2 Now Judas also, who delivered him up, knew the place: for Jesus oftentimes resorted thither with his disciples. 3 Judas therefore having received a band of men, and officers from the Chief Priests and Pharisees, cometh thither with lanterns and torchest and weapons. 48 But Jesus said unto • The order of the occurrences recorded in this Section appears to have been as follows: Having come into the garden with the officers, &c., Judas hastily went forwards from them to his Master, and kissed him; on which Jesus made the reply recorded in part by Matthew, and in part by Luke. Struck with the reproach in the latter, Judas appears to have hastened back to the officers who were advancing. It was the period of full-moon; yet in the obscurity of midnight, the confusion of the circumstances, and the dazzling of their own lanterns, and among the trees of the olive-ground, his party might not have seen distinctly which person he had kissed, or even discerned at all the appointed signal. Nor might John have witnessed this signal, or even (from being behind) have seen Judas come to Christ: but he saw his Master go onwards from the spot where he was, and proceed towards the advanced part of the officers with whom Judas was now standing; and he (perhaps alone) witnessed, and has recorded, that extraordinary occurrence which proves that Jesus might even then have escaped from his enemies-that (as John has recorded his words ch. x. 18.) he laid down his life of himself. After this, (which would occupy only a few minutes, while Matthew, and those Apostles whose information reached Mark and Luke, might not be in sight), the band came up and seized him, which all the Apostles witnessed. The agitating and hurried nature of the occurrences is impressed, in the characters of reality, on the different records. We need only to realize them to our conceptions, to perceive how all might take place, and yet be only partially seen by different witnesses. + Or, lamps, λαμπαδων. † Εταιρε, companion. MATT. XXVI. MARK XIV. LUKE XΧΙΙ. JOHN XVIII. therefore, John 17; 12. 4 Jesus knowing all things that were coming upon him, went forth, and said unto them, "Whom seek ye?" * They answered him, "Jesus of Nazareth."* Jesus saith unto them, "I am he." (Now Judas also, who delivered him up, stood with them). When therefore he said unto them, I am he,' they went backward, and fell on the ground. 7 Again therefore he asked them, "Whom seek ye?" And they said, "Jesus of Naza reth." * 8 Jesus answered, "I have told you that I am he: if therefore ye seek me, let these go their way." ( So that the word was fulfilled, which he spake, "Of those whom thou gavest me I have lost no one"). 10 Simon 49 Now when they τον Ναζωραιον. This adjective and Ναζαρηνος appear to have been used indiscriminately. * ὁ χιλιαρχος. It must have been the commander of the Temple guard, not a Roman tribune;unless indeed that guard consisted of Roman soldiers. See Part X. Sect. i. † κρατουσι. The same verb is rendered take in ver, 44, 46, 49, and in Matt. ver. 48, 50, and 55; in which cases a uniform rendering has been maintained. SECT. X. Jesus is taken first to the House of Annas, and afterwards to the Palace of Caiaphas: Occurrences while our Lord was kept there, before the High Priest and his Faction. In the early part of these Proceedings, Peter denies his Lord.* 54 LUKE XXII. 57 Now they that 53 AND they led Now having had taken Jesus led Jesus away to the taken him, they led him away to Caiaphas High Priest: and all himaway, and brought the High Priest, the Chief Priests, and him to the house where the Scribes the Elders, and the of the High Priest. and the Elders as. Scribes, come togesembled together. + ther to him.+ 58 But Peter followed him afar off, even to the palace of the High Priest; 54 And And Peter followed the people). 15 And Peter followed him afar off. Jesus, and so did an other disciple: now that disciple was known unto the High Priest; and he went in with Jesus into the palace of the High Priest. 16 But Peter stood at the door without the other disciple, therefore, who was known unto the High Priest, went • See Note at the end of this Part, respecting the circumstances of Peter's denial. + The account in ver. 53 of Mark, (which is less strongly stated by Matthew), may be considered as a summary of the proceedings of the night. When our Lord was first brought before Caiaphas, it is probable that few of the Sanhedrim were at the High Priest's Palace; and the particulars which we derive from St. John respect the commencement of the examination. By degrees a considerable number of the Sanhedrim (we may reasonably suppose of the High Priest's faction) collected together; and (if the information received by the first two Evangelists, do not relate, in part at least, to the formal proceeding in the Hall of the Sanhedrim, Sect. xi., recorded by St. Luke, and referred to by the former), our Lord not only underwent a preparatory trial by the High Priest and his partisans, but, before them, as well as before the Sanhedrim, uttered the majestic declaration which St. Luke records less fully. Some hours appear to have been occupied in obtaining witnesses to condemn our Lord; and it would be daylight before things were prepared for a regular decision of the Sanhedrim in their Hall, which was in the Temple: indeed, it was only in the day-time that the Sanhedrim could try capital causes. (See Lightfoot). ↑ In some parts of this Section, αυλη is used to denote the open court of the palace round which were the various halls and chambers. So in Luke ver. 55, and Mark ver. 66. " And when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the court, and had sat down together, Peter sat down among them. JOHN XVIII. out and spake unto her that kept the door, and brought in Peter. 17 (The damsel that kept the door saith therefore unto Peter, "Art not thou also one of this man's dis ciples?" He saith "I am not"). 18 Now the servants and of ficers were standing there, having made a fire of coals, because it was cold, and were warming themselves; and Peter was standing with them, and warming himself. 19 The High Priest therefore asked Jesus concerning his disciples, and concerning his teaching. 20 Jesus answered him, "I spake openly to the world: I always taught in the synagogue, and in the temple, whither all the Jews resort; and in secret have I spok 21 en nothing. Why dost thou ask me! end. at the fire. ask them that heard me, what I spake unto them: behold, these know what I said." 22 And when he had said these things, one of the officers who stood by struck Jesus with the palm of his hand, saying, "Answerest thou the High Priest thus?" 23 Jesus answered him, "If I have spoken evil, |