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CHAPTER IV. MONOPOLIES. COMBINATIONS.

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**A few discussions are included in squ to show that they should be omitted by begi first time of reading. Words used in a techni printed with capital initial letters.

BOOK I.

LAND, LABOUR, AND CAPITAL.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTORY.

§ 1. "ROUSSEAU has said, 'Much philosophy is wanted for the correct observation of things which are before our eyes.' And such are the events and customs of every day social life. Habit has so familiarized us with them that we fail to observe them, unless something striking and exceptional forces them on our notice.

"Let us take, by way of illustration, a man in the humble walks of life-a village carpenter, for instance and observe the various services he renders to society, and receives from it; we shall not fail to be struck with the enormous disproportion between them.

"This man employs his day's labour in planing boards, and making tables and chests of drawers. What does he receive from society in exchange for his work?

"First of all, on getting up in the morning, he dresses himself; but he has himself made none of his clothing. In order to put at his disposal this clothing, simple as it is, an enormous amount of labour, and many ingenious inventions, must have been employed. Americans must have produced cotton, Indians indigo, Englishmen wool and flax, Brazilians hides; and all these materials must have been transported to various towns where they have been worked up, spun, woven, dyed, etc.

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