perfect, as for instance the brain and spinal medulla, it requires only a closer study to reveal many points of difference between the right and left halves. The line on the front of the body along which the median plane reaches the surface is termed the anterior median line ; whilst the corresponding line behind is called the posterior median line. It is convenient to employ other terms to indicate other imaginary planes of section through the body. The term sagittal, therefore, is used to denote any plane which cuts through the body along a path which is parallel to the median plane (SS); and the term coronal or frontal is given to any vertical plane which passes through the body in a path which cuts the median plane at right angles (C C'). The term horizontal, as applied to a plane of section, requires no explanation. Any structure which lies nearer to the median plane than another is said to be medial to it; and any structure placed further from the median plane than another is said to lie lateral to it. Thus in Fig. 1, A is lateral to B; whilst B is medial to A. The terms internal and external are applied to the walls of hollow cavities or organs; thus, the ribs possess external surfaces, that is, surfaces away from the cavity of the thorax, and internal surfaces adjacent to the cavity. The terms anterior and ventral are synonymous, and are used to indicate a structure (D) which lies nearer to the front or ventral surface of the body than another structure (E) which is placed nearer to the back or dorsal surface of the body, and which is thus said to be posterior or dorsal. In some respects it would be well to discard the terms “anterior" and "posterior" in favour of “ventral” and “dorsal,” seeing that the former are only applicable to man in the erect attitude, and cannot be applied to an animal in the prone or quadrupedal position. They are, however, so deeply ingrained into the descriptive language of the human anatomist that they cannot be entirely discarded. A similar objection may be raised to the terms superior and inferior, which are employed to indicate the relative levels at which two structures lie with reference to the upper and lower ends of the body. The equivalent terms of cephalic or cranial and preaxial are, therefore, sometimes used in place of “superior," and caudal and postaxial in place of " inferior.” The terms proximal and distal should be applied only in the description of the limbs. They denote relative nearness to or distance from the root of the limb. Thus, the hand is distal to the forearm, whilst the arm or brachium is proximal to the forearm. Posterior interosseous artery recurrent artery artery Collateral branches digital A. interossea volaris Ramus carpeus dorsalis communes propriæ Arteriæ intestinales venæ C&V A. suprarenalis media SU A. pudenda interna A. circumflexa femoris medialis A. circumflexa femoris lateralis A. genu suprema A. genu superior lateralis A. genu superior me. dialis A. genu media Collateral digital ar teries sup. mesenteric gastric external pudicar teries artery artery articular artery Superior internal articular artery tery cular artery cular artery artery tery Anterior peroneal artery Veins. Great cardiac vein shall Lig. Vestigial fold of Marsinistræ shall Lateral sinus Torcular Herophili Basilar sinus Sinus sagittalis Superior longitudinal perior sinus Sinus sagittalis inferior Inferior longitudinal sinus Sinus alæ parvæ Veins of Galen Vena magna Galeni Vein of the corpus striatum Basilar vein vein veins V. thoracalis lateralis Long thoracic vein Vena azygos major V. hemiazygos Vena azygos minor inferior minor soria superior V. hypogastrica Internal iliac vein V. epigastrica inferior Deep epigastric vein V. saphena magna Internal saphenous vein V. saphena parva External saphenous vein V. azygos ar Lymphatics. artery A. malleolaris pos. terior lateralis Receptaculum chyli Cisterna chyli recess THE VISCERA. Dentes præmolares Dens serotinus Arcus glosso-pala- Anterior pillar of Papillæ vallatæ tinus fauces Arcus pharyngo-pala- Posterior pillar of Recessus pharyngeus tinus fauces Gl. lingualis anterior Gland of Nuhn | Tela submucosa Ductus submaxillaris Wharton's duct Plicæ circulares Gl. parotis accessoria Socia parotidis Gl. intestinales Ductus parotideus Stenson's duct Valvula coli (Stenonis) Columnæ rectales Bicuspid teeth pillæ of pharynx Pharyngeal aponeurosis Valvulae conniventes Crypts of Lieberkuhn Ileo-cæcal valve Columns of Morgagni B.N.A. TERMINOLOGY. OLD TERMINOLOGY. Plicæ transversales recti Valves of Houston Valvula spiralis Valve of Heister Voduli lymphatici Peyer's patches aggregati (Peyeri) Intestinum jejunum Jejunum Intestinum ileum Ileum Moduli lymphatici Malpighian corlicnales (Malpighii) puscles Respiratory Apparatus. Larynx Prominentia laryngea Adam's apple Incisura thyreoidea Superior thyroid superior notch M. ary-epiglotticus Aryteno - epiglot tidean muscle JI, vocalis Internal thyro-ary. tenoid muscle M. thyreo - epiglot- Thyro - epiglottidean ticus muscle Appendix ventriculi Laryngeal sac laryngis Plica rocalis True vocal cord Plica ventricularis False vocal cord Ligamentum ventri- Superior thyro - ary. culare tenoid ligament Ligamentum vocale Inferior thyro - ary tenoid ligament Glottis Glottis vera Rima vestibuli Glottis spuria Cartilago thyreoidea Thyroid cartilage Membrana hyo. Thyro - hyoid memthyreoidea brane Cartilago corniculata Cartilage of Santorini (Santorini) Tuberculum epiglot- Cushion of epiglottis ticum Pars intermembran- Glottis vocalis acea (rimæglottidis) Pars intercartilaginea Glottis respiratoria (rimæ glottidis) Conus elasticus (mem- Crico - thyroid mem brane elastica brane laryngis) Glandula thyreoidea Thyroid gland Urogenital Apparatus. Corpuscula renis Malpighian corpuscles Paradidymis Organ of Giraldés Appendix testis Hydatid of Morgagni (male) Ductus deferens Vas deferens Gl. urethrales Glands of Littré Glandula bulbo-ure- Cowper's gland thralis (Cowperi) Folliculi oophori Graafian follicles vesiculosi Cumulus oophorus Discus proligerus Tuba uterina Fallopian tube Epoophoron Parovarium Appendices vesiculosi Hydatids of Morgagni (female) Ductus e poophori Gärtner's duct longitudinalis Orificium internum Internal os (of uterus) uteri Orificium externum External os Processus vaginalis Canal of Nuck Glandula vestibularis Bartholin's gland major Peritoneum. Bursa omentalis Lesser peritoneal sac Foramen epiploicum Foramen of Winslow Lig. phrenico - colicum Costo-colic ligament Excavatio recto- Pouch of Douglas uterina (cavum Douglasi) Lig: gastro-lienale Gastro-splenic omentum THE SENSE ORGANS. | Tarsal glands an. The Eye. Sclera Sclerotic coat Lamina elastica Bowman's membrane terior (Bowmani) lamina elastica pos Descemet's membrane terior (Descemeti) Spatia angnli iridis Spaces of Fontana Angulus iridis Irido-corneal junction Zonula ciliaris Zonule of Zinn Septum orbitale Palpebral ligament Fascia bulbi Capsule of Tenon Commissura palpe. External canthus brarum lateralis Commissura palpe. Internal canthus brarum medialis Tarsus superior Superior tarsal plate Tarsas inferior Meibomian glands The Ear. Inferior tarsal plate ment ment Canalis semicircularis lateralis Fenestra vestibuli Fenestra cochleæ Antrum tympani. cum External semicircular canal Fenestra ovalis Fenestra rotunda Posterior wall Mastoid antrum Anterior wall malleus) (of | Processus anterior Posterior interosseous artery recurrent artery artery Collateral branches digital A. interosgea volaris V. cordis magna Ramus carpeus dorsalis communes propriæ Arteriæ intestinales Ven ca v е A. suprarenalis media SU A. pudenda interna A. circumflexa femoris medialis A. circumflexa femoris lateralis A. genu suprema A. genu superior lateralis A. genu superior me. ialis A. genu media Veins. Great cardiac vein V. obliqua atrii Oblique vein of Marsinistri shall Lig. Vestigial fold of Marsinistræ shall Lateral sinus Torcular Herophili Basilar sinus Sinus sagittalis Superior longitudinal perior sinus Sinus sagittalis inferior Inferior longitudinal sinus Sinus alæ parvæ Veins of Galen Vena magna Galeni Vein of the corpus striatum Basilar vein vein veins V. thoracalis lateralis Long thoracic vein Vena azygos major V. hemiazygos Vena azygos minor inferior minor soria superior Internal iliac vein Internal saphenous vein V. saphena parva Collateral digital ar teries sup. mesenteric gastric external pudicar teries artery artery articular artery Superior internal articular artery tery cular artery cular artery artery ar V. azygos A. genu inferior later alis A. genu inferior me. dialis A. malleolaris an terior lateralis A. malleolaris all External saphenous vein tery Peroneal artery Anterior peroneal artery artery terior medialis A. peronæa Ramus perforans A. malleolaris pos terior lateralis Lymphatics. Receptaculum chyli Cisterna chyli THE VISCERA. Dentes præmolares Dens serotinus Arcus glosso-pala- Anterior pillar of Papillæ vallatæ tinus fauces Arcus pharyngo-pala- Posterior pillar of Recessus pharyngeus tinus fauces Gl. lingualis anterior Gland of Nuhn Tela submucosa Ductus submaxillaris Wharton's duct Plicæ circulares (Gl. parotis accessoria Socia parotidis Gl. intestinales Ductus parotideus Stenson's duct Valvula coli (Stenonis) Columne rectales Bicuspid teeth pillæ pharynx B.N.A. TERMINOLOGY. OLD TERMINOLOGY. Valvo of Heister aggregati (Peyeri) Intestinum jejunum Jejunum Intestinum ileum Ileum Noduli lymphatici Malpighian corlicnales (Malpighii) puscles Respiratory Apparatus. Larynx Prominentia laryngea Adam's apple Incisura thyreoidea Superior thyroid superior notch M. ary-epiglotticus Aryteno. epiglot tidean muscle M. vocalis Internal thyro-ary. tenoid muscle M. thyreo - epiglot- Thyro - epiglottidean ticus muscle Appendix ventriculi Laryngeal sac laryngis Plica vocalis True vocal cord Plica ventricularis False vocal cord Ligamentum ventri. Superior thyro • aryculare tenoid ligament Ligamentum vocale Inferior thyro - ary. tenoid ligament Glottis Glottis vera Rima vestibuli Glottis spuria Cartilago thyreoidea Thyroid cartilage Membrana hyo. Thyro - hyoid memthyreoidea brane Cartilago corniculata Cartilage of Santorini (Santorini) Tuberculum epiglot- Cushion of epiglottis ticum Pars intermembran- Glottis vocalis acea (rimæ glottidis) Pars intercartilaginea Glottis respiratoria (rimæ glottidis) Conus elasticus(mem- Crico - thyroid mem branæ elasticæ brane laryngis) Glandula thyreoidea Thyroid gland THE SENSE ORGANS. an The Eye. Sclera Sclerotic coat Lamina elastica Bowman's membrane terior (Bowmani) Lamina elastica pos B. N.A. TERMINOLOGY. Glomus caroticum OLD TERMINOLOGY. body Nose prema (Santorini) perior Highest turbinate bone Superior turbinate bone Middle turbinate bone Inferior turbinate bone Concha nasalis in ferior Urogenital Apparatus. Corpuscula renis Malpighian corpuscles Paradidymis Organ of Giraldés Appendix testis Hydatid of Morgagni (male) Vas deferens Glands of Littré Cowper's gland vesiculosi Fallopian tube Parovarium (female) Ductus epoophori Gärtner's duct longitudinalis uteri Peritoneum. Lesser peritoneal sac | Foramen epiploicum Foramen of Winslow Lig. phrenico - colicum Costo-colic ligament uterina (cavum Douglasi) 1 Tarsal glands Meibomian glands The Ear. Descemet's membrane Irido-corneal junction Zonule of Zinn Septum orbitale Palpebral ligament Fascia bulbi Capsule of Tenon Commissura palpe- External canthus brarum lateralis Commissura palpe Internal canthus brarum medialis Tarsus superior Superior tarsal plate Tarsus inferior Inferior tarsal plate Liz palpebrale mediale Internal tarsal ment Raphe palpebralis External tarsal ligalateralis ment Canalis semicircularis lateralis Fenestra vestibui Fenestra cochleæ Antrum tympani. cum External semicircular canal Fenestra ovalis Fenestra rotunda Posterior wall Mastoid antrumi liga Anterior wall brevis (of Processus anterior |
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