perfect, as for instance the brain and spinal medulla, it requires only a closer study to reveal many points of difference between the right and left halves. The line on the front of the body along which the median plane reaches the surface is termed the anterior median line; whilst the corresponding line behind is called the posterior median line. It is convenient to employ other terms to indicate other imaginary planes of section through the body. The term sagittal, therefore, is used to denote any plane which cuts through the body along a path which is parallel to the median plane (S S'); and the term coronal or frontal is given to any vertical plane which passes through the body in a path which cuts the median plane at right angles (C C'). The term horizontal, as applied to a plane of section, requires no explanation. Any structure which lies nearer to the median plane than another is said to be medial to it; and any structure placed further from the median plane than another is said to lie lateral to it. Thus in Fig. 1, A is lateral to B; whilst B is medial to A. The terms internal and external are applied to the walls of hollow cavities or organs; thus, the ribs possess external surfaces, that is, surfaces away from the cavity of the thorax, and internal surfaces adjacent to the cavity. The terms anterior and ventral are synonymous, and are used to indicate a structure (D) which lies nearer to the front or ventral surface of the body than another structure (E) which is placed nearer to the back or dorsal surface of the body, and which is thus said to be posterior or dorsal. In some respects it would be well to discard the terms "anterior" and "posterior" in favour of "ventral" and "dorsal," seeing that the former are only applicable to man in the erect attitude, and cannot be applied to an animal in the prone or quadrupedal position. They are, however, so deeply ingrained into the descriptive language of the human anatomist that they cannot be entirely discarded. A similar objection may be raised to the terms superior and inferior, which are employed to indicate the relative levels at which two structures lie with reference to the upper and lower ends of the body. The equivalent terms of cephalic or cranial and preaxial are, therefore, sometimes used in place of "superior," and caudal and postaxial in place of " inferior." The terms proximal and distal should be applied only in the description of the limbs. They denote relative nearness to or distance from the root of the limb. Thus, the hand is distal to the forearm, whilst the arm or brachium is proximal to the forearm. B.N.A. TERMINOLOGY. Ramus carpeus dorsalis Aa. metacarpeæ dorsales A. volaris indicis radialis Arcus volaris superficialis Arcus volaris profundus A. interossea dorsalis A. interossea recurrens A. interossea volaris Ramus carpeus dorsalis Ramus carpeus volaris Aa. digitales volares communes Aa. digitales volares propriæ Arteriæ intestinales A. suprarenalis media A. hypogastrica A. umbilicalis A. pudenda interna A. epigastrica inferior A. spermatica externa Aa. pudendæ externæ A. circumflexa femoris medialis A. circumflexa femoris lateralis A. genu suprema A. genu superior lateralis A. genu superior medialis A. genu media A. genu inferior lateralis A. malleolaris terior lateralis A. genu inferior medialis an Internal circumflex artery External circumflex artery Anastomotica magna Superior external articular artery Superior internal articular artery Azygos articular ar- Inferior external arti cular artery Inferior internal arti- B.N.A. TERMINOLOGY. A. malleolaris pos- Rami calcanei later- Rami calcanei me- A. plantaris medialis A. plantaris lateralis Aa. metatarse plan tares Aa. digitales plan tares V. cordis magna V. obliqua atrii sinistri Lig. venæ cavæ Vv. cordis minimæ perior sagittalis su Sinus sagittalis inferior Sinus spheno-parietalis V. basalis V. transversa scapulæ V. thoraco-acromialis Vv. transversæ colli V. thoracalis lateralis V. hemiazygos V. hemiazygos acces- V. hypogastrica V. epigastrica inferior V. saphena magna External malleolar artery Internal malleolar ar terior medialis tery V. saphena parva A. peronæa Peroneal artery Ramus perforans Anterior peroneal artery Lymphatics. A. malleolaris pos Posterior peroneal terior lateralis artery Cisterna chyli THE VISCERA. Digestive Apparatus. glosso-pala Arcus tinus Arcus pharyngo-pala- Gl. lingualis anterior Anterior pillar of Posterior pillar of Gland of Nuhn Dentes præmolares Recessus pharyngeus Tela submucosa B. N.A. TERMINOLOGY. Glomus caroticum Nose Concha nasalis su prema (Santorini) Concha nasalis perior su Concha nasalis media Concha nasalis inferior Urogenital Corpuscula renis Paradidymis Appendix testis Ductus deferens Glandula bulbo-ure thralis (Cowperi) Folliculi vesiculosi oophori Cumulus oophorus Tuba uterina Epoophoron Appendices vesiculosi Ductus epoophori longitudinalis Orificium internum uteri Orificium externum Processus vaginalis Glandula vestibularis major Bursa omentalis Foramen epiploicum Lig. phrenico - colicum Excavatio rectouterina (cavum Douglasi) Lig. gastro-lienale Tarsal glands Canalis semicircularis lateralis Ductus reuniens Fenestra vestibuli Fenestra cochleæ Paries mastoidea Antrum tympani cum B.N.A. TERMINOLOGY. OLD TERMINOLOGY. Jejunum Noduli lymphatici Malpighian cor- Larynx puscles Respiratory Apparatus. Prominentia laryngea Incisura thyreoidea superior M. ary-epiglotticus M. vocalis M. thyreo epiglot- Appendix ventriculi Ligamentum ventri- Ligamentum vocale Glottis Rima vestibuli Cartilago thyreoidea Membrana hyothyreoidea Cartilago corniculata (Santorini) Tuberculum epiglotticum Pars intermembranacea (rimæ glottidis) Pars intercartilaginea (rimæ glottidis) Conus elasticus (membrane elasticæ laryngis) Glandula thyreoidea Adam's apple Superior thyroid Aryteno-epiglot- Internal thyro-ary- Laryngeal sac True vocal cord Inferior thyro - ary- Glottis vera Cartilage of Santorini Cushion of epiglottis Glottis vocalis Glottis respiratoria Crico - thyroid mem- Thyroid gland OLD TERMINOLOGY. Intercarotid gland or body Highest turbinate bone Superior turbinate bone Middle turbinate bone Inferior turbinate bone Apparatus. Malpighian corpuscles Hydatid of Morgagni (male) Vas deferens Glands of Littré Cowper's gland Graafian follicles Discus proligerus Parovarium Hydatids of Morgagni (female) Gärtner's duct Internal os (of uterus) External os Canal of Nuck Peritoneum. THE SENSE ORGANS. Lesser peritoneal sac Gastro-splenic omentum Selera The Eye. Lamina elastica an- Commissura palpe- Commissura palpe- Tarsus superior Lig. palpebrale mediale Raphe palpebralis lateralis Sclerotic coat Bowman's membrane Descemet's membrane Spaces of Fontana Internal canthus Superior tarsal plate ment External tarsal liga ment Meibomian glands The Ear. Paries carotica | Processus anterior External semicircular Canalis reuniens Fenestra ovalis Fenestra rotunda Posterior wall Mastoid antrum Anterior wall Processus brevis (of malleus) Processus gracilis B.N.A. TERMINOLOGY. Ramus carpeus dorsalis Aa. metacarpeæ dorsales A. volaris indicis radialis Arcus volaris superficialis Arcus volaris profundus A. interossea dorsalis A. interossea recurrens A. interossea volaris Ramus carpeus dorsalis Ramus carpeus volaris Aa. digitales volares communes Aa. digitales volares propriæ Arteriæ intestinales A. suprarenalis media A. hypogastrica A. umbilicalis A. pudenda interna A. epigastrica inferior A. spermatica externa Aa, pudendæ externæ A. circumflexa femoris medialis A. circumflexa femoris lateralis A. genu suprema A. genu superior lateralis A. genu superior medialis A. genu media A. genu inferior lateralis A. genu inferior medialis terior lateralis an A. malleolaris terior medialis A. peronæa Ramus perforans A. malleolaris pos terior lateralis OLD TERMINOLOGY. Posterior radial carpal arteries Radialis indicis Superficial palmar arch Deep palmar arch Posterior interosseous Posterior interosseous Anterior interosseous Posterior ulnar carpal Collateral digital ar teries Intestinal branches of hypo Internal pudic artery Internal circumflex artery External circumflex artery Anastomotica magna Superior external articular artery Superior internal articular artery Azygos articular ar- Inferior external arti cular artery Inferior internal arti- External malleolar artery Internal malleolar ar tery Peroneal artery Anterior peroneal perior Sinus sagittalis inferior Sinus spheno-parietalis V. basalis V. transversa scapulæ V. thoraco-acromialis Vv. transversæ colli V. thoracalis lateralis V. azygos V. hemiazygos V. hemiazygos acces- V. hypogastrica V. epigastrica inferior V. saphena magna V. saphena parva artery Lymphatics. Posterior peroneal artery Cisterna chyli THE VISCERA. Arcus tinus Digestive Apparatus. Dentes præmolares Dens serotinus glosso-pala Anterior pillar of Papillæ vallatæ Posterior pillar of Recessus pharyngeus Arcus pharyngo-pala- Gl. lingualis anterior fauces Gland of Nuhn Tela submucosa pillæ Lateral recess B.N.A. TERMINOLOGY. Plicæ transversales recti Valvula spiralis Noduli lymphatici aggregati (Peyeri) Intestinum jejunum Intestinum ileum Noduli lymphatici Malpighian cor lienales (Malpighii) Larynx Respiratory Apparatus. Prominentia laryngea Incisura thyreoidea superior M. ary-epiglotticus M. vocalis M. thyreo epiglotticus Appendix ventriculi laryngis Plica vocalis Ligamentum ventriculare Ligamentum vocale Glottis Rima vestibuli Cartilago thyreoidea Membrana hyothyreoidea Cartilago corniculata (Santorini) Tuberculum epiglotticum Pars intermembranacea (rimæ glottidis) Pars intercartilaginea (rimæ glottidis) Conus elasticus (membranæ elasticæ laryngis) Glandula thyreoidea B. N.A. TERMINOLOGY. Glomus caroticum Nose Concha nasalis su prema (Santorini) Concha nasalis perior su Concha nasalis media Concha nasalis inferior OLD TERMINOLOGY. Jejunum puscles OLD TERMINOLOGY. Intercarotid gland or Highest turbinate turbinate Middle turbinate bone Inferior turbinate bone Adam's apple Apparatus. Superior thyroid notch tidean muscle Internal thyro-ary tenoid muscle Thyro epiglottidean muscle Laryngeal sac True vocal cord Superior thyro ary- Inferior thyro - ary- Glottis vera Cartilage of Santorini Cushion of epiglottis Glottis vocalis Glottis respiratoria Cricothyroid membrane Thyroid gland Malpighian corpuscles Hydatid of Morgagni (male) Vas deferens Glands of Littré Cowper's gland Graafian follicles Discus proligerus Parovarium Hydatids of Morgagni (female) Gärtner's duct Internal os (of uterus) External os Canal of Nuck Lesser peritoneal sac Gastro-splenic omentum Sclerotic coat Bowman's membrane Descemet's membrane Spaces of Fontana Internal canthus Superior tarsal plate ment External tarsal liga ment Meibomian glands External semicircular canal Canalis reuniens Membranous cochlea Fovea hemispherica Fenestra rotunda Fenestra ovalis Posterior wall Mastoid antruni Anterior wall Processus brevis (of malleus) Processus gracilis |