coast to the marshes of the Portachur region. This survey will bring out differences in vegetation types due principally to the amount of water draining down from the slopes and to differences in drainage of the beaches. The Farland marsh is a low terrace of fresh-water alluvium overlying Upper Old Red Sandstone, and pink trachyte dykes. There are several patches of marsh with higher and drier heath-like areas intervening. Three typical marshes may be mentioned. The first is dominated by Rushes, Juncus communis, Lesser Spearwort, Ranunculus Flammula, and Marsh Potentil, Potentilla palustris. Associates are Cuckoo flower, Cardamine pratensis, Marsh Galium, Galium palustre Linn., Skullcap, Scutellaria galericulata Linn., Whorled Carum, Carum verticillatum Koch, and Caraway, Carum Carvi Linn. Here and there in the marsh are specimens of orchids, Early Orchis, Orchis mascula Linn., Spotted Orchis, Orchis maculata Linn., Marsh Orchis, Orchis latifolia Linn., also Creeping Scirpus, Scirpus palustris Linn., Lousewort and Water Senecio, Senecio aquaticus Huds. There is a close undergrowth of Marsh Pennywort, Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Sphagnum occupies the very moist hollows and is dotted over with insectivorous plants, Sundew, Drosera rotundifolia, and Butterwort, Pinguicula vulgaris, the latter only very occasional. A second marsh, north of Port Loy, is largely covered with Yellow Flag, Iris Pseulacorus, Hemlock Oenanth, Oenanthe crocata Linn., and Amphibious Polygonum, Polygonum amphibium Linn. Among the masses of these dominants are found Ragged Robin, Lychnis Flos-cuculi Linn., Carex Goodenorii Gay, Water Mint, Mentha sp., Marsh Marigold, Caltha palustris Linn., and Queen of the Meadow, Spiraea Ulmaria Linn. The third type of marsh is of Cotton grass, Eriophorum angustifolium Roth., with Marsh Potentil and Bog Asphodel, Narthecium ossifragum Huds., in abundance (Fig. 4). This marsh with its characteristic colour appearance, the white of the Cotton Sedge, the reddish brown of the Potentil and the yellow of the Asphodel, is luxuriant. The margins are defined by Cross-leaved Heath, Erica Tetralix Linn., and Sphagnum. Tufted Scirpus, Scirpus caespitosus Linn., and Jointed Rush, Juncus articulatus, are frequent in clumps, while Water Ranunculus, Ranunculus aquatilus Linn., and Water Mint occur where much water collects. There are frequent clumps of Crowberry, Empetrum nigrum Linn., and various Carices-Bottle Carex, Carex ampullacea Good, C. binervis Sm., C. fulva Good, and C. Goodenorii Gay. The Butterfly Habenaria, Habenaria Chlorantha Bab., is occasional. Patches of Hair Moss, Polytrichum commune, are associated with the lichen called Reindeer Moss, Cladonia rangiferina. The drier intermediate areas are covered with Ling, Blaeberry, Bell Heather, Tufted Scirpus, Scirpus caespitosus, Tormentil, Bird's-foot Trefoil, Lotus corniculatus, Thyme, Thymus Serpyllum, Yellow Rattle, Rhinanthus Crista-galli Linn., Germander Speedwell, Veronica Chamaedrys, and Field Myosotis, Myosotis arvensis Hoffm. Various Rushes, Juncus communis, J. squarrosus, J. bufonius, appear in occasional clumps in this heath type of land which passes into grassland in which Wavy Aira, Aira fleruosa Linn., Matgrass, Nardus stricta Linn., Molinia, Molinia caerulea Moen., Woolly Holcus, Holcus lanatus Linn., and Sheep's Fescue, Festuca ovina Linn., flourish, the first three of these being heath plants. Here also occur Gorse, Bramble, Rubus sp., and Thistles. Near the sea grows Narrow Blysmus, Blysmus rufus Link. The old quarry, filled with water, has Pondweed, Potamogeton natans, and one of the green fresh-water Algae, Spirogyra, in slimy masses on its surface. Water Mint and the Water Ranunculus grow on its shallower margins. In the moist ground immediately around it Grass of Parnassus, Parnassia palustris Linn., is abundant, and Devil's-bit, Scabiosa succisa Linn., is frequent. A few specimens of Broad Epipactis, Epipactis latifolia Sw., occur in the moist ground in the neighbourhood. In the hollows of a lava dyke penetrating the Old Red Sandstone near the sea are masses of Brookweed, Samolus Valerandi Linn., and Juncus articulatus Linn. Northwards towards Clashfarland Point the raised beach has less of the character of a marsh. The bracken at the base of the old cliffs extends to the east side of the road and is there associated with a great variety of plants, Bell Heather, Thyme, Tormentil, Bird's-foot Trefoil, Gorse, Heath Galium, Burnet Rose, Rosa pimpinellifolia Linn., Mouseeared Chickweed, Cerastium vulgatum Linn., Blaeberry, Ling, Stag's-horn Moss, Lycopodium clavatum Linn., Germander Speedwell, Red Campion, Lychnis diurna Sibth., Hemp Agrimony, Eupatorium cannabinum Linn., Dog Rose, Rosa canina Linn., Figwort, Scrophularia nodosa Linn., Milkwort, Polygala vulgaris Linn., both blue and white, and next the road in the stony ground Silver Weed, Potentilla anserina Linn. The numerous wet hollows are occupied by the moisture-loving Cross-leaved Heath, Erica Tetralir, Slender Hypericum, Hypericum pulchrum Linn., Cuckoo flower, Queen of the Meadow, Spiraea Ulmaria, Lousewort, Ragged Robin, Lychnis Flos-cuculi, and Early Orchis, Orchis mascula. Marsh Pennywort sends its creeping stems over the wet muddy soil, rooting at each node and sending up small tufts of leaves and flowers. This plant, with its perennial slender stem, forms a carpet over the mud of nearly all the marshes of the island coasts. As Clashfarland Point is approached the moister condition of the raised beach gives rise to a bog in which the dominants are BogRush, Schoenus nigricans Linn., Juncus communis, and various Carices. Sphagnum pads are dotted with Sundew and Butterwort as near as twenty yards to the sea. This bog has in addition to those plants mentioned for the previous wet areas, Bog Asphodel, Narthecium ossifragum, Crowberry, Empetrum nigrum, Yellow Flag, and Hemlock Oenanth, Oenanthe crocata. From this point to Downcraig Ferry the land at the foot of the old cliffs, now much lower and further inland, is cultivated and pasture land, boulders with occasional salty pads lying on the east side of the road. Beyond the old ferry marsh is again encountered; in this case Juncus spp., Whorled Carum, and Lesser Spearwort are dominant. So many intrusive dykes reach the sea here that the type of plant life is different until the north shore of the island is attained. Marsh again occurs. Three orchids-Early Orchis, Spotted Orchis, Orchis maculata, and Frog Orchis or Green Habenaria, Habenaria viridis Br., with Butterwort, Ragged Robin, and Lousewort form the chief plants on the seaward edge of the marsh. At Tomont End the marsh at the foot of the crags is made up of Cotton Grass, Juncus spp., Purple Loosestrife, Lythrum Salicaria Linn., Marsh Galium, Galium palustre, and Lesser Spearwort, while the raised and drier mounds carry Ling, Erica cinerea, Blaeberry and Tormentil. Turning the north end we enter a broad region of "rough pasture," 10 to 15 chains broad and divided into eight parts extending southwards to Bell Bay (Fig. 5). The first two divisions or "fields" are covered with the usual marsh plants, Juncus being dominant. Yellow Rattle, Rhinanthus Crista-galli, and Marsh Marigold, Caltha palustris, are present in considerable quantity. The next two divisions are wetter and pass into moor with Calluna. Sphagnum, Erica Tetralix, Marsh Potentil, and Water Senecio, Senecio aquaticus, are associated here with the usual moor flora of the east side. The fifth field is colonised largely by Bog Myrtle, Myrica Gale Linn., indicating a more advanced stage of moor, and Calluna; Juncus articulatus, Sphagnum and Drosera are abundant. The sixth is drier, with Gorse principally. Bog Myrtle or Sweet Gale disappears. Clumps of Juncus, Ragwort, Senecio Jacobaea Linn., and Thistles mark the drier character of the 7th and 8th areas, which are followed by a cultivated field, yielding a crop of potatoes. This brings us to the sandy Fintray Bay, behind which lies a plantation. To the south of the bay marsh again occurs and is more or less continuous at the foot of the old cliffs southwards to Doughend Hole. At first it is of the drier type, but becomes boggy from Clate Rock to the Targets. Here there is a great amount of surface water pouring down the steep cliff face. The dominant species are Bog Myrtle, Myrica Gale, Calluna, Erica Tetralix, Sphagnum, with abundant specimens of Drosera, Marsh Trefoil, Menyanthes trifoliata, Bog Asphodel, Bog Pimpernel, Anagallis tenella Linn., Cotton Grass, Lousewort and Grass of Parnassus, Parnassia palustris. Butterwort is occasional. At the Rifle Range the marshy pasture has Whorled Carum, Water Senecio, and Lesser Spearwort in quantity. At the foot of Craig nan Filheach lies a very rich marsh containing a pool whose surface is largely covered with Potamogeton natans, with Canadian Pondweed, Elodea canadensis Mich., occupying the deeper water. Bur-reed, Sparganium ramosum Huds., and Yellow Flag grow in masses in the shallower marginal water. Water Plantain, Alisma ranunculoides, Brookweed, Samolus Valerandi Linn., and Lesser Spearwort occupy the muddy edges. Over the whole marsh there are abundant specimens of Juncus (J. communis, J. articulatus, J. bufonius and J. Gerardi), of the Marsh Scirpus, of Carices, of Whorled Carum, Water Mint, and Amphibious Polygonum. The Water Myosotis, Marsh Galium, Marsh Marigold, Marsh Potentil, Lousewort, and Early Purple Orchis are associates in the wet parts, while Thyme clothes the higher banks. The Marsh Thistle, Carduus palustris Linn., the Marsh Orchis, Orchis latifolia, and Whorled Carum become the |