distance excluded the Australian colonies from being acfield for the relief of British labourers who cannot find employment at home.no santain

- Various conflicting statements are put forth respecting the relative expense of the voyage to Canada and to New South Wales; and the subject is too important to be disinissed hastily. 1 viszi ovpl The voyage across the Atlantic may be made for 57. or 67. but the expense has not ended on the emigrant's reaching the shore; so that 87. is the very lowest calculation, and 107. nearer the actual cost, of an emigrant to Canada before he obtains employment.

The government contract price of passage to South Australia last year was 12. 78. 7 d., to New South Wales 127. 10s.; and, although it was recently stated at the Colonial Office that this was owing to accidental circumstances, and was not likely to occur again, yet, at this present moment, ships are chartered by the Emigration Commissioners to convey emigrants to Sydney and Port Phillip at a price considerably lower, viz., 117. 9s. 3d. and 107. 10s. per head. The outfit has been stated as a large addition to the passage, money; but this latter expense is in almost all cases borne either by the emigrant or the parish. Therefore the expense of sending colonists to Australia, where they get immediate employment, is very little more than the cost attending their settlement in British North America.

If reproduction be any criterion of the value of industry, it is the best economy to send the emigrant to

New South Wales; inasmuch as he repays his passages money more quickly, whether we estimate his value in reproductive labour, in contribution to the colonial revenue, or in the consumption of British manufac{} «frགང 948 d'abe foed

tures.

If it be permitted to calculate the repayment in the consumption of British goods; The colonist of New South Wales takes: 77. 14s. 3d. per head of British exports, and twice that amount is 15l. 88. 6d. The emigrant to New South Wales, therefore, takes an amount more than equivalent to his passage money within two years.q merov. Tobogan Silk qa Biedner,WY

The Canadian is calculated to take 17.15s. per annum: this multiplied by five amounts to 87. 15s. The Cas nadian therefore takes goods equivalent to his passage in five years. J Plineminja 061 of bing * bing a set odr

The North American of the United States takes but 5s. per annum; and if the passage money to New York be 51., he cannot repay his passage under twenty years. The United States emigrant therefore requires ten times, and the Canadian nearly three times as long as the Australian, to return in value of British goods the cost of transit. Moreover, as a supporter of British industry, each settler in New South Wales at 77. 148., contributes as much as four or five Canadians (at 17.158.) or thirty North Americans at 5s.; nor ought we to forget that 25 per cent., or in some instances above 50 per cent. of those who land in Canada pass to the United States.e up fourma sel One main object to be attained by colonization is

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Sper

an outlet for a surplus population; another, is a vent for ecommerce; a third, and not unimportant object, is the support of the colonial revenue. Morborqor ut -In England the pauper is a burden averaging for each adult per annum 5l.-In New South Wales the same individual pays the state in local taxes, per annum, 27. 881, making an annual difference on this view alone, of per head 77. 8s. Taking the population at 180,000, and the average annual revenue for five years at 436,000, a loan for emigration, secured on the colonial land revenue of New South Wales, and guaranteed by the imperial government, by which alone it could be effected, would be repaid by the amount of taxation of those emigrants themselves in nine or ten years.ievuppo eboog audet oroivront maibsa

The taxes paid by 100 emigrants, at 21. 88. each, would be 2407., and in ten years would be 24007. An advance for 100 emigrants to New South Wales, even at 167. per head, would require 16007., which with ten years' interest at 4 per cent., amounts to 22407.: thus they more than repay their passage in ten years by 1607. and if we take the price at which Government are now contracting to send emigrants to Sydney, viz.117. 98. and 107. 10s. per head, the taxes would repay the fare in less than six years.

The importance of each individual in the value of the capital he creates is not less remarkable; at home the average annual burden of each adult pauper is 57. The annual cost by which the value may be estimated of each Australian shepherd, is at least 557.: thus

Ꭰ

each Australian labourer increases the reproductive capital of the community, by 60%. per annum, fin comparison with his former condition.

Hence the speedy return of the outlay in every profitable and practicable manner, overcomes the obstacle of distance; and were the other existing ob stacles removed, Australia, with its numerous resources; in pastoral, agricultural, and mineral wealth, would present the fairest field ever opened for colonization.

Canada has already received yearly as many as she could absorb, and this year has been more than gluts ted; if Government attempted to settle emigrants in Canada, it could not be done for less than 60%. for each family, or 171. 6s. for each adult, according to the estimate of Mr. Elliot, or according to the statement of the Emigration Agent-general in Canada, Mr. Buchanan, to Lord Elgin. And not under 244 a piece in New Brunswick, according to the evidence of Mr. Moxon, the deputy governor of the Land Company in that province, since they "must be supported for a period of from twelve to fifteen months after arrival." In Australia the emigrant would not be chargeable the day after he landed; and if these authorities are admitted to be correct, it follows that the expense of sending emigrants to Australia, is even cheaper than to North America. ara

It is not intended to propose any specific measure as the only remedy for a great and increasing evil; we are contented with offering weighty suggestions, which may indeed be opposed by theoretical objec

tions, but which severally possess practical advantages calculated to overcome the theories advanced against them, and any one of which would effect relief to a greater amount than the plans now in operation.

It is not desired that the government should engage in speculations, or embark in commercial enterprises; but if the first duty of the state be to take care of its own people, to provide for its own safety, and to secure its own possessions, the subject of colonization must ere long be undertaken by the state as a question of urgent political necessity, and contributions by parliament will recommend themselves, not more on the grounds of public expediency than financial economy.

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The proposal that a grant of public money should be voted for the purposes of colonization, is not an essential part of the proposition, but it is, nevertheless, one founded on justice, as well as economy and sound policy. If the benefit be mutual, the burden should be shared alike by the colony and mother country, and the payment for an advantage should be proportioned to the relative amount of the gain. The economy will appear from the two-fold stimulus afforded to British commerce by exchanging the manufactured article for the raw staple thereof, the policy from the attachment of those subjects who are grateful for effectual aid afforded in a period of distress.

Where funds arising from any of the colonies are applied by her Majesty's government in promoting the emigration of the labouring classes, such sums should be increased by an amount, raised in this country,