STATE OF

County of

being duly sworn, says he is owner of the cattle about to be shipped from to; that they are the identical cattle described in the foregoing affidavit; that shipment has been direct from to- without unloading, except for feed and water, in cars that were cleansed and disinfected, and that on arriving at his destination the said cattle will be kept on his premises separate and apart from all cattle belonging to other parties for a period of ninety days.

day of

1885.

This is to certify that on the -, 1885, I inspected the animals described in the foregoing affidavits and certificates and found them free from all contagious and infectious diseases.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY,
Washington, D. C., June 4, 1885.

SIR: I am in receipt of your favor of the 1st instant, and as you think it will be safe to leave the Fulton matter in the hands of the State veterinarian after you are obliged to return, I think I shall adopt this course. It does not seem necessary, or even desirable, that we should keep a man on the grounds simply to secure the credit of preventing another outbreak. In other words, I do not feel that I have a sufficient force at my disposal to waste the time of our inspectors for mere sentiment. I hope, however, you will consider the matter carefully, and if you see any reason for me to send another man to take your place I will be glad to do so. My whole object is to secure the safety of Missouri from another outbreak of this disease. It might be well for you to consult Dr. Paquin and see if he desires any further assistance than can be rendered by Dr. Trumbower.

Very respectfully,

Dr. C. B. MICHENER,

Fulton, Mo.

D. E. SALMON,
Chief of Bureau.

Dr. Michener was called home by private business about June 15. As there had been no case of pleuro-pneumonia among the exposed cattle for nearly two months, and as a State veterinarian had been appointed to look after local interests, it was not considered necessary to keep an inspector constantly stationed at Fulton after that time. In the following letter Dr. Trumbower was directed to make a final inspection and report results:

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY, Washington, D. C., July 13, 1885. SIR: On receipt of this you will please go at once to Fulton and make a thorough inspection of all suspected herds in that vicinity, and report their condition and the probability of any further cases of disease. You will also note the time when the last affected animal was destroyed in any herds reported upon, and state if in your judgment there is any further necessity of maintaining the restrictions upon shipments of Missouri cattle. Caunot trade go on as usual through Kansas City, without an inspector being stationed there from this time onward?

Very respectfully,

Dr. M. R. TRUMBOWER,

Kansas City, Mo.

To this letter the following reply was received:

Dr. D. E. SALMON,

Washington, D. C. :

FULTON, MO., August 1, 1885.

I fail to find any further evidence of disease among the cattle here. The last affected one was killed April 18.

M. R. TRUMBOWER,
Veterinary Inspector.

Nearly three and one-half months having elapsed since the destruc tion of the last affected animal, it was now considered safe to withdraw the inspector of the Bureau. The State veterinarian has since kept up a supervision of this district, but no other cases of pleuro-pneumonia have developed. The disease was, therefore, stamped out, and in a very much shorter time than most people considered possible. For this happy result we are very much indebted to the active co-operation of the railroad companies doing business in that part of the State, and to the vigorous measures adopted and carried out by the citizens.

I give in this connection Dr. Trumbower's report, which contains many facts not mentioned above. This report was dated October 4, 1885, and is as follows:

SIR: A telegram from Hon. George B. Loring, then Commissioner of Agriculture, was received by me on the 25th of February, at Ozark, Ark. This telegram requested me to go to Fulton, Mo., and investigate a disease among the cattle at the State Lunatic Asylum No. 1. I arrived on the 28th, and on March 1 called upon Dr. T. R. H. Smith, the superintendent of that institution. He told me they had lost 9 head of cows since New Year's out of their herd of 25. He said:

"We never had any disease in our herd, which is composed of high-grade Jerseys, until about the 25th of January, when our dairyman, Mr. John Gilmore, told us that 2 of the cows were dead, having suffered with a black watery diarrhea for three or four days previous to death. We gave this no special attention and made no autopsy. About the 1st of February we discovered another one sick, which showed evidence of some lung disease; she had a painful cough, breathed hard, and moaned at every breath. This animal died in two or three days, and a few days later another one died with the same class of symptoms. We made post-mortem examinations, and found the lungs seriously diseased and attached to the chest and diaphragm, but not being experts in cattle diseases we were at first inclined to believe these two cases were perhaps simple cases of pneumonia or ordinary pleuro-pneumonia, although my suspicions were to some extent aroused. In a short time several more followed, and then I felt confident that the terrible disease, contagious pleuro-pneumonia, was in our midst."

I then asked Dr. Smith to give me a history of their herd, number of recent purchases, shelter, care, &c., which he did, as follows:

"About nine years ago a friend of mine in Kentucky sent me a Jersey cow and bull calf. After receiving them the thought occurred to me that I had a fine opportunity for gradually improving the milk herd of the institution by crossing with the Jersey and the best ordinary milch cows. In a few months the calf was ready for service, and we then began the process of improvement by retaining all the female calves from the best cows. After this bull reached the age of four or five years, to prevent in-andin breeding, I changed the old bull for a young thoroughbred Jersey. This young animal died in a very short time after we received him, but the progressive improvement of the herd had been so satisfactory, and being very anxious to continue it, I purchased another fine thoroughbred Jersey, and from that time to July, 1884, the improvement had been regularly progressive till we had accumulated, from our own raising alone, about 85 very high grade Jerseys. In July last, to render our herd strong and healthy, and avoid in-and-in breeding, we sent to Mr. Tripp, of Peoria, Ill., for a thoroughbred Jersey, and we purchased Queenettes Duke, No. 9869. This bull was delivered on board cars at the latter place on July 19, and arrived here on the 21st. He was taken to our barn and placed with our herd; on the 24th he served one and on the 25th another of our cows. Three days after he was tied in the barn; we took him out and turned him into a lot which contained about twenty spring and summer calves. On the 23d of August we received a letter from H. D. and S. S. Tripp, stating that pleuro-pneumonia had appeared in their herd; that the day the bull left their barn they had a cow in the barn which was sick with the disease, aud which died on the 27th; that since that time the mother of Queecettes Duke died, also a fine heifer calf; that they were satisfied contagious pleuro-pneumonia existed in their herd, and they advised the removal of the bull from the rest of the herd for a period of three months, for fear he might develop the disease and contaminate the asylum herd.' This advice was followed. We took the bull out of the calf pasture and placed him in an isolated field one-half mile distant from our farm, where he was kept closely confined in a barn for two weeks, and afterwards, for two months and a half, allowed to run loose in a 20-acre field. Manifesting no symptoms of disease, and having improved in flesh and growth, he was brought back into the herd about the 1st of November. No other purchases than those mentioned have been made by us, and our herd had very little chance for coming into contact or close

proximity to outside cattle. We aim to keep our fields well fenced, have the best cattle barn in the county, good, pure water in abundance, and, as milk is the article we are after, we are necessarily compelled to feed liberally and furnish proper shelter during all seasons of the year. Mr. Gilmore, our dairyman, is in charge of the herd, and has sufficient assistance to give it the best possible care."

The nine head of cattle which died previous to March 1 had occupied stalls, as per diagram of stabling, in order as follows:

First death (No. 17).-Died January 25; no post-mortem examination.

Second death (No. 37).-Died January 25; no post-mortem examination.

Third death (No. 31).-Died January 31; post-mortem by Gilmore. He said the lungs weighed 75 pounds, and were covered with a thick scum.

Fourth death (No. 16).-Died February 11; had refused her feed for six days, breathed quick and moaned. Watery diarrhea set in before death. Post-mortem by Dr. Tichenor. Left lung covered with thick layer of coagulated lymph, and was firmly hepatized, presenting a red and gray mottled appearance.

Fifth death (No. 7).-Died February 12; sick same length of time as the last. Postmortem by Dr. Young. Both lungs immensely swollen, and in gangrenous state. Sixth death (No. 19).-Died February 14; had been sick eight or ten days. Respirations difficult, moaned, head extended, refused to lie down, appetite suspended towards the last. Post-mortem by Drs. Smith and Tichenor. Left lung firmly adherent to the ribs, and extensive effusion in the thorax. The lung was very solid, and on section presented carnification, portions of it about to become necrosed. Anterior part of right lung in a stage of gray hepatization.

Seventh death (No. 3).-Died February 15; ate one-half her feed in the morning, and at feeding time appeared perfectly healthy. Before noon she was dead. Postmortem by Drs. Smith, Tichenor, and Young. Very extensive albuminons exudation in the trachea, confined to about 4 inches in length, beginning 3 inches anterior to the bifurcation. The caliber of the trachea was diminished, so it would not admit the little finger of a person. The anterior part of the left lung was heavily congested. Died by suffocation..

Eighth death (No. 2).-Died February 22. She was killed as soon as sickness was discovered. Post-mortem by Gilmore. Serum and coagulated lymph in the thorax, and the lungs were almost gangrenous and very offensive.

Ninth death (No. 30).-Died February 23. Was killed when found sick. No examination. Mr. Gilmore afterwards told me that both the latter cases had quit eating and commenced to grunt in breathing before they were killed. I was unable to obtain any very accurate history of those cases, even as to the exact dates when they died or the length of time they were known to be sick.

On the 2d of March, I commenced my examinations. Mr. C. O. Atkinson aud Mr. J. Gilmore accompanied me into the east meadow, where the Tripp bull (young bull we called him, in contradistinction to the five-year-old bull which was stabled in the barn) was running with 20 one and two year old heifers and 2 dry cows. All of the cattle, except two, appeared well to any ordinary observer. The bull especially appeared vigorous and heathy. We caught him and I examined him very carefully, but failed to detect positive evidence of previous or present disease. I could detect a slight circumscribed dullness over the lower part of the left lung and some rubbing sounds, but they were not sufficiently well marked upon which to base an opinion; temperature, 100° F.; respirations, 18. Subsequently I examined him a number of times before he was killed, but could never discover any increase of temperature or of respiration, and at times the percussion and auscultation revealed no abnormal sounds whatever.

We examined the two animals which showed visible evidence of unthriftiness, in both of which I detected plain evidence of lung disease. The milch herd was then driven into the barn, and I examined a large number of them, in many of which I found lung disease existing with or without increase of bodily temperature. All of these cows, with one exception, had been supposed to be perfectly healthy, were yielding reasonable quantities of milk, and had never to the knowledge of the attendants missed a feed. I heard a number of them coughing, and after calling Mr. Gilmore's attention to it he admitted that ever since last fall he had occasionally heard some of

them wheeze.

PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS, CLINICAL AND POST-MORTEM,

Cow No. 10.

March 2.-Morning temperature, 103°.2; respiration, 44. Slight grunt in respiration; inferior portion of right lung consolidated and impervious to air; eats slowly; yielded 14 gallon milk this morning. Evening temperature, 103°; pulse, 70; respiration, 40.

March 3.--Temperature, 1039: pulse, 74; respiration, 60. Tympanitic; moans al

most continually; percussion causes flinching from pain; refused to eat during the night and morning; yielded one-half gallon milk this morning; stands in one position and is disinclined to move.

March 4.-Temperature, 1020; respiration, 60. Tympanitic and bowels costive; urine high colored; refuses to eat or drink; pulse weak and irregular; friction sound on the left side and increased dullness on the right; inclination to lie on the right side with head extended, and frothing from the mouth; yielded one pint of milk.

March 5.-Temperature, 102.05; respiration, 70. Tympanitic; appetite suspended; milk secretion suspended; pulse very weak; breathing very labored and painful. March 6.-No appreciable change.

March 7.-Killed her for examination. Present, Drs. Smith, Tichenor, and Young, the physicians to the asylum, Dr. Howard and Dr. Herndon, two of the board of managers, and Prof. J. W. Sanborn, the dean of the State Agricultural College.

Autopsy-The anterior and part of the posterior lobe of the right lung was firmly attached to the ribs by fibrinous deposits, and so firmly to the pericardium that no dissection to separate the respective parts could be made. The external aspect of this lung presented a yellow and purple mottled appearance. On making an incision into the consolidated lung a cyst was discovered, which contained a piece of necrosed lung structure, measuring 4 by 6 inches. This was bathed in a dirty gray liquid. After cutting through the dead mass it revealed that marbled appearance which is so characteristic of contagious pleuro-pneumonia, and it was apparently in a perfect state of preservation. The occluded blood vessels and bronchi were also plainly defined, as well as the organized fibrin in the interlobular spaces. This lung probably weighed 30 pounds. But very little liquid effusion existed on this side. A small portion of the left lung presented evidences of recent invasion, and half a gallon of straw-colored serum was found in this side of the chest.

Cow No. 8.

March 3.-Temperature, 105°.2; respiration, 36; complete dullness on percussion over lower half of left lung. Appetite suspended, but failed in eating for the first time this morning. Yielded one-half the usual quantity of milk. In the evening her milk secretion was entirely suspended; pulse, 84; temperature, 105°; respiration, 36; slight moan in breathing.

March 4.-Temperature, 105°.2; respiration, 40. Moans at each expiration of breath. Lying down a great part of the time, preferring the right side. Appetite absent. In the afternoon at 3 o'clock we killed her for examination in the presence of Drs. Smith, Tichenor, Young, and Dewey.

Autopsy. On removing the left wall of the chest a gallon of limpid serum escaped, in which floated shreds of coagulated lymph; a heavy layer of fibrin covered the posterior lobe, and a layer 1 inch in thickness was adhering to the pleura-costalis in the anterior and inferior part of the chest. The posterior portion of the left lung was firmly attached to the diaphragm by fibrinous deposit. On incision being made through the diseased lung the pathoguomonic yellowish gray striæ defining the interlobular spaces, the complete dark red infarction existing in the central part of the lung, and the more recent invasion of healthy lobules, were plainly marked. The parts recently invaded were shown by the color of the affected lobules, the more gelatinous lymph deposit in the cellular structure, and when cut into a flow of light straw-colored lymph followed the scalpel. This post-mortem examination is the first one made by me in this herd, and upon the evidence here revealed, ante and post mortem, together with the history of the previous cases detailed by Dr. Smith, I based my diagnosis, and informed you by telegram that contagious pleuro-pneumonia existed among this herd of cattle. I also wrote a letter to Prof. J. W. Sanborn, secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, at Columbia, Mo., informing him of the existence of the disease present in his State.

Cow No. 39.

March 4.-This cow was served by Queenettes Duke (Tripp bull) on the 26th day of July. On the 28th of February she aborted. Mr. Gilmore informed me that she had had a dry, short cough since last summer; that she did not keep in flesh like the balance of the herd, but was always gaunt, although she ate well and apparently felt as well as any of the cows in the herd. I found her temperature 1020.8; respiration, 38. Abnormal resonance on left side; posterior half of right lung resonant, but anteriorly and inferiorly marked dullness was elicited on percussion.

March 5.-Temperature, 102°.6. After careful auscultation and percussion I formed the conclusion that the disease was located almost entirely in the anterior part of the chest, and that a considerable amount of consolidated lung structure existed, as I conld feel the impulse of the heart's beat much plainer on the right than on the left side, and the pulsation conveyed the impression to the touch that it was transmitted