Caravan: the Story of the Middle East

Afghanistan Agha agricultural Ait Atta ancient animals Arabia Arabs Armenians Assyrians Atlas Baghdad Baluchis Bedawin Berbers caliph called camel camp caravan century chief Christians civilization culture desert Egypt farmers four funduq goats head hence holy horses houses hundred imām inhabitants Iran Iraq Islam Jews Kabyle Kafirs kind Kurdish Kurds land language leader live Mashhad master Mediterranean Mekka merchants Middle East Middle Eastern Morocco mosque mountains Muḥammad Muslim nomads North Africa oases Ottoman pasture Pathans Persian persons pilgrims political population prayer Prophet qāḍī Qur'an religion religious Riffians ritual served shaikh shari'a sheep Shi'a ship slaves sultan Sumerians summer Sunnis Syria tanners thousand tion town trade travelers tribal tribes tribesmen Tuareg Turkish Turkomans Turks usually valleys village vizir waqf winter women Yemen Zagros zakā