A History of HollandEndymion Press, 10 mars 2018 - 682 pages The last duke of the ancient Capetian house of Burgundy dying in 1361 without heirs male, the duchy fell into the possession of the French crown, and was by King John II bestowed upon his youngest son, Philip the Hardy, Duke of Touraine, as a reward, it is said, for the valour he displayed in the battle of Poictiers. The county of Burgundy, generally known as Franche-Comté, was not included in this donation, for it was an imperial fief; and it fell by inheritance in the female line to Margaret, dowager Countess of Flanders, widow of Count Louis II, who was killed at Crécy. The duchy and the county were soon, however, to be re-united, for Philip married Margaret, daughter and heiress of Louis de Male, Count of Flanders, and granddaughter of the above-named Margaret. In right of his wife he became, on the death of Louis de Male in 1384, the ruler of Flanders, Mechlin, Artois, Nevers and Franche-Comté. Thus the foundation was laid of a great territorial domain between France and Germany, and Philip the Hardy seems from the first to have been possessed by the ambitious design of working for the restoration of a powerful middle kingdom, which should embrace the territories assigned to Lothaire in the tripartite division of the Carolingian empire by the treaty of Verdun (843). For this he worked ceaselessly during his long reign of forty years, and with singular ability and courage. Before his death he had by the splendour of his court, his wealth and his successes in arms and diplomacy, come to be recognised as a sovereign of great weight and influence, in all but name a king. The Burgundian policy and tradition, which he established, found in his successors John the Fearless (murdered in 1419) and John's son, Philip the Good, men of like character and filled with the same ambitions as himself. |
Table des matières
FROM THE END OF THE TWELVE YEARS TRUCE TO THE PEACE | 1591 |
THE ADMINISTRATION OF JOHN DE WITT 16541665 FROM | 1656 |
WAR WITH FRANCE AND ENGLAND WILLIAM III STADHOLDER | 1673 |
BELGIUM 18151830 | |
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administration affairs alliance allies Amsterdam Antwerp appointed April Archduke army attack August Austria became Belgian Belgium Brabant Brussels Burgundian Calvinist captured carried Catholic Chamber Charles command compelled Council council-pensionary death declared defence deputies despatched Duke Dutch Republic Egmont emperor enemy England English envoys Estates of Holland favour finance Flanders fleet force foreign France Frederick Henry French Friesland garrison Gelderland Ghent governor-general Groningen Hague hands Holland and Zeeland Hoogerbeets hostilities July king land leaders Leyden Louis Luxemburg March Margaret Maurice Meanwhile military ministry Nassau naval negotiations Netherlands Oldenbarneveldt opposition Orangist Overyssel party peace Philip possession Prince of Orange princess proposal Protestant Provincial Estates Prussia refused regent religious Ruyter sailed Scheldt sent ships siege sovereign Spain Spaniards Spanish squadron stadholder States-General strong success summoned Thorbecke took town trade treaty Tromp troops United Provinces Utrecht vessels Viglius vote William William the Silent Witt Zeeland