People and Production in Late Precolonial Tanzania: History and Structures

19th century African societies agricultural Arabs Bagamoyo banana Baumann Buhaya Burton Buzinza caravans cattle Central Africa Chagga chiefdoms coast coastal crops cultivation Datoga descent groups Deutsch-Ostafrika disease early East Africa economic epidemics ethnic export famine Feierman Fülleborn Gogo grain Gutmann Hartwig Hehe historians History hoes idem Iliffe inland interior Iraqw iron Ivory and Slaves Karagwe Kilimanjaro Kilwa kinship Kjekshus labour Lake Nyasa Lake Regions Lake Tanganyika land late precolonial later Livingstone London long-distance trade Maasai mainly major Makonde Massailand matrilineal missionary Ngoni Njassa Nyakusa Nyamwezi Nyiha oral tradition Pangani Plantation Slavery political population porters precolonial societies precolonial Tanzania production Reichard reported ritual routes Rukwa Rukwa Region Safwa Sandawe settlement Shambaa Shambaa Kingdom slave trade smallpox social sources southern Stuhlmann Sukuma Sukumaland Swahili Tabora Tanzanian area Tanzanian precolonial Thomson Ugogo Ujiji Usambara Victoria Nyanza villages women Zanzibar Zaramo Zigua