Honeybees and Wax: An Experimental Natural History

absence acids activity African amount appear average base become bees beeswax behaviour body brood building built capping changes chemical colonies comb construction comb wax comb-building concluded confirmed contained crystal Darchen effects emerged experiment experimental extended fatty field Finally flow foragers foundation fraction frames given greater height Hepburn hexagons hive honey honeybee Huber hydrocarbons importance increase laying less major mandibles Martin material Mean measured mirror natural nectar nest newly normal noted observations obtained occur oenocytes orientation origin pattern piece placed pollen possible presence queen cells queenless queenright Range ratio reared recent relationship remained removed secretion sheet showed shown space spring stimulates studies substance sugar suggested summer surface swarm synthesis Table temperature tested thickness vertical virgin wall wax gland epithelium wax production wax scales weeks winter worker young